2 66.240.197.165:80 HTTP HIA United States (San Diego) 66.240.197.165 04-jul-2012 17:37
3 216.155.139.115:3128 HTTP HIA United States (Sayreville) 216.155.139.115.choopa.net 04-jul-2012 17:36
4 180.139.91.28:8080 HTTP NOA China (Nanning) ! 180.139.91.28 04-jul-2012 17:34
5 78.186.239.153:3128 HTTP NOA Turkey (Istanbul) 78.186.239.153.static.ttnet.com.tr 04-jul-2012 17:34
6 69.119.181.65:8123 HTTP HIA United States (Copiague) ool-4577b541.dyn.optonline.net 04-jul-2012 17:34
7 118.96.8.138:3128 HTTP NOA Indonesia (Serang) 138.static.118-96-8.astinet.telkom.net.id 04-jul-2012 17:34
8 61.145.173.24:8080 HTTP NOA China (Shenzhen) 61.145.173.24 04-jul-2012 17:33
9 177.43.180.174:8080 HTTP NOA Brazil (Rio De Janeiro) 177.43.180.174.static.host.gvt.net.br 04-jul-2012 17:33
10 218.247.129.6:80 HTTP NOA China (Beijing) 218.247.129.6 04-jul-2012 17:33
11 77.41.107.51:8080 HTTP HIA Russian Federation (Moscow) host-77-41-107-51.qwerty.ru 04-jul-2012 17:33
12 58.247.113.186:8080 HTTP NOA China (Shanghai) 58.247.113.186 04-jul-2012 17:33
13 110.139.63.250:8080 HTTP NOA Indonesia (Surabaya) 250.subnet110-139-63.speedy.telkom.net.id 04-jul-2012 17:33
14 180.246.28.42:8080 HTTP NOA Indonesia (Jakarta) 180.246.28.42 04-jul-2012 17:32
15 91.120.127.127:3128 HTTP NOA Hungary (Albertirsa) 91.120.127.127 04-jul-2012 17:32
16 118.96.31.91:3128 HTTP NOA Indonesia (Bekasi) 91.static.118-96-31.astinet.telkom.net.id 04-jul-2012 17:32
17 182.253.17.130:3128 HTTP NOA Indonesia (Jakarta) 182.253.17.130 04-jul-2012 17:32
18 200.109.37.25:3128 HTTP NOA Venezuela (Yagua) 200.109.37-25.estatic.cantv.net 04-jul-2012 17:31
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20 58.67.147.198:8080 HTTP NOA China (Guangzhou) 58.67.147.198 04-jul-2012 17:31
21 221.179.41.22:3128 HTTP NOA China (Beijing) 221.179.41.22 04-jul-2012 17:31
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23 80.69.243.68:3128 HTTP NOA Iran (Rasan) 80-69-243-68.pasargadnet.ir 04-jul-2012 17:31
24 202.123.230.186:8080 HTTP NOA Indonesia ip-230-186.csmnap.net 04-jul-2012 17:30
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26 88.191.95.79:8082 HTTP HIA France (Paris) sd-17481.dedibox.fr 04-jul-2012 17:30
27 94.113.246.138:8080 HTTP NOA Czech Republic (Ceska) 94.113.246.138.static.b2b.upcbusiness.cz 04-jul-2012 17:30
28 87.236.211.37:8080 HTTP NOA United Kingdom (Manchester) 87.236.211.37 04-jul-2012 17:30
29 186.3.71.155:8080 HTTP NOA Ecuador (Guayaquil) host-186-3-71-155.uio.telconet.net 04-jul-2012 17:30
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Zombie worms with bone-melting acid
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Osedax worms are just four centimetres long at most, have no mouth, anus, or gut, and have no body parts that could drill through bone. Researchers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego wanted to know how these miniscule worms bore through bone.
They investigated the worm to see if its drilling strategy was chemical in nature. The team looked for acid-secreting enzymes in different tissues of the worm. They found one of the enzymes, a proton pump, that was abundant in the part of the worm that penetrates the bone.
The potent poison released demineralises the bone, creating a hole in the skeleton that reveals enclosed fat and oil. A symbiotic bacterial partner digests the fat and releases nutrients that the so-called zombie worm can absorb.
Only female worms are equipped with these acidic enzymes. Males never grown beyond millimetre-long larvae, and live inside a gelatinous tube that surrounds each female. A single female will have hundreds of males living in her tube.
The Osedax genus was first discovered in California's Monterey Bay in 2002. It was described in the journal Science in 2004.
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